Disbelief is not just restricted to denial. Disbelief occurs due to denial when someone denies Allaah or rejects the Messenger. Or if someone rejects something that is known from the Religion by necessity, he also commits disbelief.
Disbelief can also occur due to an action, as is the case when someone prostrates to an idol, even if he doesn’t believe in it. If someone tramples over the mus-haf with his feet whilst doing so intentionally, he commits disbelief. Or if he stains the mus-haf with impurities or with urine intentionally, he commits disbelief.
Likewise, disbelief may occur through speech. For example, if someone reviles Allah or reviles the Messenger or curses the Religion of Islaam or mocks and ridicules Allaah and His Messneger, he commits disbelief based on such speech.
Disbelief also may occur due to doubt. If someone has doubt in Allaah or about His angels or he doubts the revealed Books or Messengers or he has doubts about Paradise and the Hellfire. For example, he says: “I don’t know if there is a Paradise or not” or “…if there is a Hellfire or not?” He commits disbelief due to this doubt and uncertainty.
Disbelief may also occur due to abandonment, say for example if someone turns away from the Religion, not learning it or worshipping Allaah. Or he abandons certain obligations of Islam, such as the Prayer, or Zakaat etc.. He commits disbelief due to this abandonment.
The things that negate and nullify one’s Islaam are many. In fact, it's plain delusion to assume that just because you uttered "laa ilaaha ill allaah" once in your lifetime, you're a permanent and guaranteed believer. Allaah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) and His Messenger (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) warned that there are ways that lead to Shirk, Kufr and rejection of Faith.
And it is for this reason, Muslim scholars from every madhhab – the Hanbalees, the Shaafi’ees, the Maalikees and the Hanafees – all of them made it mandatory to include chapters in their books on Fiqh solely devoted to this subject.
The Muslim must learn Tawheed and what opposes it, so that he does not indulge in practices and concepts that contradict the essence of Islaam. And the most dangerous and widely existing ways that breach Tawheed are the following Ten.
These are the ten nullifiers of Islam that are unanimously agreed upon by the scholars of Islam, past and present. There is no doubt about this as these are the most significant and oft occurring of the nullifiers.
First: Shirk (associating partners) in the worship of Allaah.
Second: Setting up intermediaries between a person and Allaah, calling unto them and asking intercession from them, and seeking reliance in them, has committed disbelief according to the unanimous agreement (Ijmaa’).
Third: Believing that the Mushrikeen are not disbelievers, or has doubts about their disbelief or considers their ways and beliefs to be correct, has committed disbelief.
Fourth: The belief that guidance by someone other than the Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) is better or that ruling by other than the rule of Muhammad (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) is better
Fifth: Hating any command or anything of the Prophet's (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) Message despite practicing it.
Sixth: Mocking or ridiculing any part of Islam. the Messenger’s Religion or its rewards or punishments has committed an act of disbelief.
Seventh: Involvement in Sorcery i.e. accepting and believing in the words of sorcerers, fortune-tellers, astrologers etc..
Eighth: Supporting and assisting the mushrikeen against the Muslims.
Ninth: Believing that it is permitted for some people to be free of (implementing) the Sharee’ah (revealed laws) of Muhammad (i.e. Islaam),
Tenth: Turning away from Allaah’s Religion, not learning it or implementing it.
NOTE : Finally, it must be pointed out that there is no difference (in accountability) between the one who seriously commits any of the above acts or the one who claims to be just "joking", "playing" or "mocking"!
The only exception is when someone commits any of these acts under compulsion; even then his heart must be filled with faith and Tawheed of Allaah.
*** NOTE : Another very important thing is the issue of declaring someone a Kaafir. This is a very grave and serious matter in Islam and it is not left for the common Muslims or heads of random groups or the like to decide.
It is to be left to the reliable scholars firmly grounded in knowledge, those who follow the Qur’an and authentic Sunnah in the context of the Salaf’s way of understanding the Deen. They are the ones who can advise or pass rulings on immense issues such as this, not the innovators and the politically and emotionally driven ones.
The common Muslims should refrain and hold themselves from making sweeping takfeer (declaring someone a kaafir) on a particular person or group of people. We must fear Allaah in this matter which had caused and is still causing deviation in the Ummah at large.
We seek refuge in Allaah from such deeds and we ask Him to make the truth clear to us all.
Reference :
- " Sharh Nawaaqid-ul-Islaam" (Explanation of the Nullifiers of Islam) by Shaykh ‘Abdul-‘Azeez Ar-Raajihee, in which he explains the small treatise of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab “Nawaaqid-ul-Islaam” (The Nullifiers of Islaam).
- Avoid Ten Ways That Nullify Islam by Dr. Saleh as-Saleh, based upon the Classification of Shaykh Muhammad At-Tameemi
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